Cortisol is the steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex and plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. It retards the glucose consumption & hence level of glucose in blood increases & blood pressure increases.

Correct Option: D

Cortisol is the steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex and plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. It retards the glucose consumption & hence level of glucose in blood increases & blood pressure increases.

In heart cells cAMP acts as secondary messenger which is made in the response of adrenaline and it stimulates Ca²⁺ ions to come out from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibres which causes muscle contraction. cGMP (Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate) which acts as secondary messenger works on the action of acetylcholine, increase in flow of Ca²⁺ into muscle fibres & hence causes muscle relaxation. There is no role of sodium in hormonal action.

Correct Option: B

In heart cells cAMP acts as secondary messenger which is made in the response of adrenaline and it stimulates Ca²⁺ ions to come out from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibres which causes muscle contraction. cGMP (Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate) which acts as secondary messenger works on the action of acetylcholine, increase in flow of Ca²⁺ into muscle fibres & hence causes muscle relaxation. There is no role of sodium in hormonal action.

Epinephrine or adrenaline, norepinephrine or noradrenaline and acetylchloline are the neurotransmitters. These are released by the nerve fibres to transmit the impulse to the next neuron. Cortisone is not the neurotransmitter.

Correct Option: C

Epinephrine or adrenaline, norepinephrine or noradrenaline and acetylchloline are the neurotransmitters. These are released by the nerve fibres to transmit the impulse to the next neuron. Cortisone is not the neurotransmitter.

ADH: Antidiuretic hormone – vasopressin is secreted by neurohypophysis (posterior lobe) of pituitary gland. This hormone increases the reabsorption of water from the urine and hence urine gets concentrated and ECF gets diluted. Diabetes insipidus caused by the hyposecretion of ADH.

Correct Option: B

ADH: Antidiuretic hormone – vasopressin is secreted by neurohypophysis (posterior lobe) of pituitary gland. This hormone increases the reabsorption of water from the urine and hence urine gets concentrated and ECF gets diluted. Diabetes insipidus caused by the hyposecretion of ADH.

Endocrine glands regulate neural activity as endocrine glands secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine which have their effects on neuron activity. On the other hand neuron also controls the activity of endocrine glands by secreting neurohormones which regulate the activity of many endocrine glands.

Correct Option: A

Endocrine glands regulate neural activity as endocrine glands secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine which have their effects on neuron activity. On the other hand neuron also controls the activity of endocrine glands by secreting neurohormones which regulate the activity of many endocrine glands.