Correct Option: A

Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as listed by Hellenic culture, described as a remarkable feat of engineering with an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs, and vines, resembling a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks, and said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. Accounts indicate that the garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar, who ruled the city for 43 years starting in 605 BC.
Hippodamus of Miletus was an ancient Greek architect, urban planner, physician, and philosopher, who lived during the 5th century BC and is considered to be "the father of European urban planning", the namesake of the "Hippodamian Plan" (grid plan) of city layout. His plans of Greek cities were characterised by order and regularity in contrast to the intricacy and confusion common to cities of that period, even Athens. He is seen as the originator of the idea that a town plan might formally embody and clarify a rational social order. He laid out the Piraeus (the port of Athens, for Pericles), with wide streets radiating from the central Agora, which was generally called the Hippodameia in his honour, and built the refounded city of Rhodes in the form of a theater. In 440 BC he went out among the Athenian colonists and planned the new city of Thurium (later Thurii), in Magna Graecia, with streets crossing at right angles. His principles were later adopted in many important cities, such as Halicarnassus, Alexandria and Antioch.

Vitruvius (1st century BC) was a Roman architect and civil engineer. Vitruvius does not seem to have had any connection to the major works of his time, and his fame is derived entirely from his treatise
De Architectura in ten books, also known by its English title, On Architecture. It was probably written between 27 and 23 BC. Vitruvius asserted that a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas and venustas - that is, it must be strong or durable, useful and beautiful or graceful. Methods of aqueduct surveying and construction are noted by Vitruvius in his work De Architectura. An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and later Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns. Aqueduct water supplied public baths, latrines, fountains, and private households; it also supported mining oper ations, milling, farms, and gar dens. Aqueducts moved water through gravity alone, along a slight overall downward gradient within conduits of stone, brick, or concrete; the steeper the gradient, the faster the flow.
The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, dedicated to the god Saturn. The word Capitolium first meant the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus later built here, and afterwards it was used for the whole hill. The Capitoline Hill contains few ancient ground-level ruins, as they are almost entirely covered up by Medieval and Renaissance palaces (now housing the Capitoline Museums) that sur round a piazza, a significant urban plan designed by Michelangelo. The aspect of the piazza that makes this most immediately apparent is the central statue, with the paving pattern directing the visit or s' eyes to its base. Michelangelo also gave the medieval Palazzo del Senatore a central campanile, a renovated façade, and a grand divided external stair case. He designed a new façade for the colonnaded Palazzo dei Conser vatori and projected an identical structure, the Palazzo Nuovo, for the opposite side of the piazza. On the narrow side of the trapezoidal plan, he extended the central axis with a magnificent stair to link the hilltop with the city below.

Michelangelo's systematizing of the Campidoglio
Hagia Sophia is the former Greek Orthodox Christian cat hedral, later an Ottoman imperialmosque and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Built in 537 AD at the beginning of the Middle Ages, it was famous in particular for its massive dome. It was the world's largest building and an engineering marvel of its time. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history of architecture". The edifice was built by Constantine the Great.