Two electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are in series. The

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Two electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are in series. The fractional efficiencies of the upstream and downstream ESPs for size d_p are 80% and 65% respectively. What is the overall efficiency of the system for the same d_p?

1. 100%
2. 93%
3. 80%
4. 65%

Correct Option: B

Overall efficiency = 80% + 20% × 0.65 = 93%.