Correct Option: B

Mughal Gardens

⚈ Influenced by walled quadrant Persian paradise gardens
⚈ Indicative of climate and geography
⚈ These evolved into the Mughal gardens of India
⚈ Char-bagh gardens built around mausoleums or borrowed scenery of hills
⚈ Geometry, Symmetry and Order
⚈ Inlaid tiles and mosaic; Paradise Streams of water called Nehar-i-bihisht
⚈ Some examples are Shalimar Gardens (Lahore), Lal bagh Fort at Dhaka, and Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar).
⚈ Taj Mahal is an excellent example of mausoleum with char-bagh that represents paradise garden of Islam.

⚈ Retains the elements of geometric design and parterre gardening
⚈ Water features and fountains remain important with highly styled elements
⚈ Stairs and balustrades are also incorporated to change from one terraced area to another
⚈ The expansive vista and topiary hedges remain critical elements but less statuary is present.

⚈ Parterre
⚈ Bosquet
⚈ The principles of the French garden are based on those of the Italian garden, best exemplified at the gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles during the 17th Century.


⚈ Inititally inspired by Chinese gardens
⚈ Some of the garden styles are the chisen-shoyu-teien, literally "lake-spring-boat excursion garden" (originally from china); paradise garden; hermit age garden; Karesansui dry rock gardens; Roji or tea gardens; Kaiyu-shiki-teien, or promenade gardens or stroll gardens; Tsubo-niwa courtyard garden (palace garden).
⚈ Japanese Zen
⚈ Hill and pond gardens
⚈ Meditation
⚈ Symbolic features
⚈ Japanese Seison-KaKu
⚈ Modeled on nature
⚈ House becomes a direct part of the garden
⚈ Simulate age and permanence
Chinese Gardens

⚈ Tradional gardens based on Yin and Yang, Shan and Shui, Myths of Longevity.
⚈ Modeled on nature
⚈ Miniature landscape of large areas
⚈ Symbolic elements
⚈ Meditation
⚈ Moon Gates

⚈ Statuary, balustrades and stairs to transfer from one terrace to another
⚈ The heavy influence of both French and Italian gardening is easily recognized.

⚈ These parks featured vast lawns, woods, and pieces of architecture, such as the classical mausoleum. The new style that became known as the English garden was invented by landscape designers William Kent and Charles Bridgeman. Kent 's famous landscape works included Chiswick house, Rousham house, Stourhead and Stowe house in various parts of Britain.
⚈ Estate "Parks" became popular.
⚈ Capability Brown was a designer who discarded most of the classical geometry and order of the formal gardens in favor of a natural design with a stream and green sward. Brown designed 170 gardens. The most important were Chatsworth (Derbyshire) in 1761, Blenhei m Palace (Oxfordshire) in 1764 and others.
⚈ These were also called 'picturesque gardens'.
⚈ No talk on English gardens is complete without the Ha-Ha feature! Provides the naturalistic sward while allowing for the production animals to be held away from the botanicals.